The Parliament of India

The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body in India. The Parliament alone possesses legislative supreme authority and thereby ultimate power over all political bodies in India. The Parliament of India consists of the two houses and the President of India.
The parliament is bicameral, where the lower house of the parliament is called Lok Sabha and the upper house of the parliament is called Rajya Sabha. Both the house have separate place for their proceedings to take place. The members of both the houses are called Member of Parliament or MP. The MPs of Lok Sabha are elected by the people and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies and Union territories of Delhi and Pondicherry only in accordance with relative voting. The Parliament has 802 MPs, who serve the people’s needs to form the biggest democratic electorate in the world and the biggest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (714 million qualified voters in 2009).
Of the 552 members of the House of People, 530 members act in place of the territorial Constituencies in the States, 20 acts in place of the Union territories, chosen in such manner as Parliament may by law provide. The president gets to choose 2 MP.The number of seat for each state in the house is given by the number of people in that particular state.
Lok Sabha
The meaning of lok Sabha is “House of The People”. All the member of the lok Sabha is elected by the people. All  people   who  are  above  18 years of age  irrespective of their gender,religion,caste or race are  allowed  to vote for the MPs.To be a member of the lok Sabha, the requirements are the member should be 25 or above of age ,mentally sound, he should not be bankrupt and he should not have  any criminal record against his name. The house can elect up to 530 members from the states in a single member district, it can have 20 member from the union territories and the president can nominate 2 member if the president feels that the Anglo-Indian community is not adequately represented .The Lok Sabha has 545 member and few of the seats are reserved for the Schedule Castes and the Schedule tribe. The house can have a no-confidence motion in which the ruling has to withdraw and elections take place again. The Lok Sabha can pass bills which in turn becomes part of the Indian constitution.
Rajya Sabha
The Rajya Sabha is also known as “Councils of The State’s” .The member are elected indirectly by the member of the legislative bodies of the states. The numbers of member in the Rajya Sabha are 250.The house can be dissolved. Each member has a term of 6 years .The member of the states are elected by the member of the the Legislative Assembly of the State in conformation with the system of proportional delegation by means of single transferable vote. The members of the Union Territories are elected by the member of the Electoral College for that particular territory in delegation with the system of proportional representation. The basic age limit to be a member of the Rajya Sabha is 30 years. The Rajya Sabha can only make suggestion over the bills within the period of 14 days after which, the bill is considered to be passed by both the houses.

 President of India
The President of India is elected by a group of member consisting from the members of Parliament of India (i.e. Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and the even the state legislatures. The President serves for a period of 5 years. A blueprint is used to designate votes so there is evenness between the population of every state and the number of ballot assembly members from a state can cast, and to give an equal evenness between State Assembly members and National Parliament members. If no candidate gets a majority of votes then there is a system by which forfeit candidates are removed from the contest and the votes for them assigned to other candidates, until one attains a majority.

Indian Judiciary is the succession of the British Legal system base on the English in the mid-19th century constructed on a typical combination of legal system in which customs, precedents and legislative law have foundation of law. Constitution of India is the absolute authority of the country. There are different levels of judiciary in India — diverse types of courts have several styles of judges. They form a strict hierarchy of emphasis, in line with the order of the courts in which they sit, with Supreme Court of India at the top, followed by High Courts of corresponding states with district judges sitting in District Courts and Magistrates of Second Class and Civil Judge (Junior Division) at the bottom. It hears all execution and civil disputes, including disputes over individuals and the government. Members of the Indian judiciary are executively of the executive and legislative branches of government.
The Supreme Court
On the 28th of January, 1950 India became a Sovereign Democratic Republic and the Supreme Court came into being after two days. The setting of the Chamber of Princes in the Parliament building which also housed India's Parliament, consisting of the Council of States and the House of the People. It was here, in this Chamber of Princes that the Federal Court of India had sat for 12 years between 1937 and 1950. This was to be the home of the Supreme Court for years that were to follow until the Supreme Court acquired its own present premises.
The original Constitution of 1950 features a Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and 7 Judges - allotting it to Parliament to increase this number. In the initial years, all the Judges of the Supreme Court sat side by side to hear the cases given before them. As the work of the Court advanced and arrears of cases began to gather, Parliament raised the number of Judges from 8 in 1950 to 11 in 1956, 14 in 1960, 18 in 1978 and 26 in 1986. As the number of the Judges has risen, they sit in scanty Benches of two and three - coming collectively in larger Benches of 5 and added only when required to do so or to afford a change of opinion or controversy.
The Supreme Court of India includes the Chief Justice and 28 other Judges chosen by the President of India. Supreme Court Judges give up work upon attaining the age of 65 years. To become a supreme court judge, the candidate should be a citizen of India, should have been a judge at the high court for 5 years or an advocate of the high court for 10 years or a distinguish jurist in the opinion of the president.  
The Constitution follows to ensure the sovereignty of Supreme Court Judges in various ways. The judge of the supreme court can’t be removed from his position unless an order is given by the president is passed after an address in both the houses are given ,supported by a greater number of members in both the parties which is not less than two-thirds of the members being present and voting. A judge can be removed from his position on grounds of proved misbehavior or incapacity .The judges of the Supreme Court are debarred from executing in any other court of law or before any other force in India.
The Supreme Court of India is the intensified court of the land as based by Part five, Chapter four of the Constitution of India. According to the Constitution of India, the post of the Supreme Court is that of a federal court, guardian of the Constitution and the highest court of appeal.

Vignesh Nathan
FSLE-3